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The degree sequence of an undirected graph is the non-increasing sequence of its vertex degrees; [5] for the above graph it is (5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 0). The degree sequence is a graph invariant , so isomorphic graphs have the same degree sequence.
In fact, the graph of a cubic function is always similar to the graph of a function of the form y = x 3 + p x . {\displaystyle y=x^{3}+px.} This similarity can be built as the composition of translations parallel to the coordinates axes, a homothecy ( uniform scaling ), and, possibly, a reflection ( mirror image ) with respect to the y -axis.
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive.
Indicator function: maps x to either 1 or 0, depending on whether or not x belongs to some subset. Step function: A finite linear combination of indicator functions of half-open intervals. Heaviside step function: 0 for negative arguments and 1 for positive arguments. The integral of the Dirac delta function. Sawtooth wave; Square wave ...
Every invariant and co-variant thus becomes expressible by a graph precisely identical with a Kekuléan diagram or chemicograph. […] I give a rule for the geometrical multiplication of graphs, i.e. for constructing a graph to the product of in- or co-variants whose separate graphs are given. […]" (italics as in the original).
In graph theory, a regular graph is a graph where each vertex has the same number of neighbors; i.e. every vertex has the same degree or valency. A regular directed graph must also satisfy the stronger condition that the indegree and outdegree of each internal vertex are equal to each other. [1]
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