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Infection is especially dangerous in bones, due to the recrudescent nature of bone infections. Bone tissue is predominantly extracellular matrix , rather than living cells, and the few blood vessels needed to support this low metabolism are only able to bring a limited number of immune cells to an injury to fight infection.
The arm is usually supported by an external immobilizer to keep the joint stable and decrease the risk of further damage. The two most common types of fixation are the figure-of-eight splint that wraps the shoulders to keep them forced back and a simple broad arm sling (which supports the weight of the arm). The primary indication is pain relief.
An ulna fracture is a break in the ulna bone, one of the two bones in the forearm. [2] It is often associated with a fracture of the other forearm bone, the radius. [1] [3]An ulna fracture can be a single break as in a so called nightstick fracture, which can be caused by someone being hit on the inside of the forearm often by a stick, notably when they are holding their arm up to protect ...
Nerve injury, especially of the median nerve and presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome, is commonly reported following distal radius fractures. Tendon injury can occur in people treated both nonoperatively and operatively, most commonly to the extensor pollicis longus tendon. This can be due to the tendon coming in contact with protruding bone ...
A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. [1] There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome. [2]
A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm . [3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder. [1] Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury. [3] The cause is generally a fall onto the arm or direct trauma to the arm. [3]
An open fracture can be life threatening or limb-threatening (person may be at risk of losing a limb) due to the risk of a deep infection and/or bleeding. Open fractures are often caused by high energy trauma such as road traffic accidents and are associated with a high degree of damage to the bone and nearby soft tissue. [1]
The lower legs and the forearms are the most frequent sites affected by compartment syndrome. Other areas of the body such as thigh, buttock, hand, abdomen, and foot can also be affected. [19] [14] The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is fracture of a bone, most commonly the tibia. [29]