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The conversion of methylcyclohexane to toluene is a classic aromatization reaction. This platinum (Pt)-catalyzed process is practiced on scale in the production of gasoline from petroleum. [13] It is also one of a host of substances in jet fuel surrogate blends, e.g., for Jet A fuel. [14] [15]
The process flow diagram below depicts a typical semi-regenerative catalytic reforming unit. Schematic diagram of a typical semi-regenerative catalytic reformer unit in a petroleum refinery. The liquid feed (at the bottom left in the diagram) is pumped up to the reaction pressure (5–45 atm) and is joined by a stream of hydrogen-rich recycle gas.
An alternative, innovative and highly promising approach to convert LOHC-bound hydrogen into electricity is proposed recently. [1] The new unloading sequence consists of an almost thermoneutral catalysed transfer hydrogenation step converting ketone to secondary alcohol by contacting hydrogen-rich carrier (H18-DBT), and the secondary alcohol is then directly consumed in a PEMFC (direct ...
The process, which is catalyzed by platinum supported by aluminium oxide, is exemplified in the conversion methylcyclohexane (a naphthene) into toluene (an aromatic). [2] Dehydrocyclization converts paraffins (acyclic hydrocarbons) into aromatics. [3] A related aromatization process includes dehydroisomerization of methylcyclopentane to benzene:
Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, cyclohexane adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation, which rapidly interconvert at room temperature via a process known as a chair flip. During the chair flip, there are three other intermediate conformations that are encountered: the half-chair, which is the most unstable ...
Hexane (/ ˈ h ɛ k s eɪ n /) or n-hexane is an organic compound, a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and the molecular formula C 6 H 14. [7]Hexane is a colorless liquid, odorless when pure, and with a boiling point of approximately 69 °C (156 °F).
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
Structure D (10.8 kcal/mol) is the highest energy transition state of the process. The molecular motions involved in a chair flip are detailed in the figure on the right: The half-chair conformation ( D , 10.8 kcal/mol, C 2 symmetry) is the energy maximum when proceeding from the chair conformer ( A , 0 kcal/mol reference, D 3d symmetry) to the ...