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There are three stages a patient with the disease goes through: First stage: This is the initial phase of the condition, and it takes place from birth to the age of 14 years old; [6] it is characterized by the appearance of a large, perforated chorioretinal atrophic lesion at the central part of the macula which contains the vascular arch, alongside extra-macular white deposits and localized ...
Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) is a syndrome affecting the eye, which is characterized by peripheral atrophic chorioretinal scars, atrophy or scarring adjacent to the optic disc and maculopathy. The loss of vision in POHS is caused by choroidal neovascularization.
The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
Dominant optic atrophy was first described clinically by Batten in 1896 and named Kjer’s optic neuropathy in 1959 after Danish ophthalmologist Poul Kjer, who studied 19 families with the disease. [3] Although dominant optic atrophy is the most common autosomally inherited optic neuropathy (i.e., disease of the optic nerves), it is often ...
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
The definition of the classes and Frisén scale used for optic disc edema diagnosis are listed below: Class 0 < 0.50 diopter cycloplegic refractive change; No evidence of optic-disc edema, nerve sheath distention, choroidal folds, globe flattening, scotoma or cotton-wool spots compared to baseline; Class 1 Repeat OCT and visual acuity in 6 weeks
The ophthalmic artery branches off into the central retinal artery which travels with the optic nerve until it enters the eye. [8] This central retinal artery provides nutrients to the retina of the eye, more specifically the inner retina and the surface of the optic nerve. [8] Variations, such as branch retinal artery occlusion, can also occur ...
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is thought to be an autoimmune disease. The disease has strong association with the human leukocyte antigen haplotype (HLA)-A29, which is the strongest association between a disease and HLA class I documented (>99% of patients are HLA-A29 positive by molecular testing and HLA-A29-negative cases are controversial [ 1 ] ).
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