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The tests include the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), the PTE General (formerly known as London Tests of English (LTE)), [1] and PTE Young Learners. These are scenario-based exams, accredited by the QCA and Ofqual, [ 2 ] and are administered in association with Edexcel .
The OPT replaced the now retired Quick Placement Test, a CD-ROM test provided in partnership with Cambridge English. The success of the Oxford Placement Test led to the design of the Oxford Test of English, and online computer-adaptive English Proficiency test, used as proof of English ability for university entry and employment. [1]
The exception is the DLIELC (Defense Language Institute English Language Center), which assigns a + designation for failure/inconsistency at the next higher level. Grades may be assigned separately for different skills such as reading, speaking, listening, writing, translation, audio translation, interpretation, and intercultural communication.
Cambridge Assessment English exams, starting with C2 Proficiency in 1913, B2 First in 1939, and B1 Preliminary in 1980, gave learners and teachers different curriculum and examination levels. [1] By the early 1990s, with the addition of A2 Key and C1 Advanced , Cambridge English exams provided a range of different curriculum and examination levels.
The Oxford Test of English and Oxford Test of English for Schools certify at A2, B1, and B2 levels. The Oxford Test of English Advanced certifies at B2 and C1. Test takers who do not achieve a certified CEFR level receive an indicative ‘Below’ level. The table below shows the standardised scores, CEFR levels and indicative ‘Below’ levels:
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Level 1 (National Qualifications Framework) level 1 cache, a type of CPU cache (Computer Memory) A Level I trauma center; Level 1, a level of automation in a self-driving car (see Autonomous car#Classification) Level I Environmental Site Assessment; Biosafety level 1, a laboratory grade; Level 1 market data
There are also many phrases (such as a couple of) that can play the role of determiners. Determiners are used in the formation of noun phrases (see above). Many words that serve as determiners can also be used as pronouns (this, that, many, etc.). Determiners can be used in certain combinations, such as all the water and the many problems.