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The author generally is the person who conceives of the copyrightable expression and "fixes" it in a "tangible medium of expression." Special rules apply when multiple authors are involved: Joint authorship: The US copyright law recognizes joint authorship in Section 101. [28] The authors of a joint work are co-owners of a single copyright in ...
[26] [27] In many modern-day publications the terms copyright and authors' rights are being mixed, or used as translations, but in a juridical sense the legal concepts do essentially differ. [28] [29] Authors' rights are, generally speaking, from the start absolute property rights of an author of original work that one does not have to apply for.
A co-owner of a work of joint authorship does not require other authors' permission to use the work himself, and the other authors can not object to such a use. [ 36 ] If the license has been granted by one of the joint authors unilaterally, then the license fee collected, if any, must be shared appropriately with other joint authors.
Under section 102 of the Act, copyright protection extends to "original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device". The Act defines "works of authorship" as any of ...
The effect of this legislative act will be that the rule for first ownership of copyright in photographs, portraits, and engravings will revert to the general rule in section 13(1). Consequently, it will be the wedding photographer and not the client who will be the first owner of the copyright.
Title 1 - General Provisions; Title 2 - The Congress; Title 3 - The President; Title 4 - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States; Title 5 - Government Organization and Employees
The copyright of the final published version of record may reside with the authors or the publisher depending on the publisher's business model. For journals following a subscription model, where articles are accessed via a paywall, copyright is transferred from author to publisher.
It is generally used in relation to the copyright laws of civil law countries and in European Union law. Authors' rights are internationally protected by the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and by other similar treaties. "Author" is used in a very wide sense, and includes composers, artists, sculptors and even ...
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