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In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication , where several bits are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .
Parallel versus serial communication. In data transmission, parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits simultaneously using multiple conductors. This contrasts with serial communication, which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link.
At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. Each UART contains a shift register, which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and parallel forms. Serial transmission of digital information (bits) through a single wire or other medium is less costly than parallel transmission through multiple wires.
In telecommunications, transmission (sometimes abbreviated as "TX") is the process of sending or propagating an analog or digital signal via a medium that is wired, wireless, or fiber-optic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
A serial port is a serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out sequentially one bit at a time. [1] This is in contrast to a parallel port , which communicates multiple bits simultaneously in parallel .
Practically all parallel communications protocols use synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling
Other topics associated with the physical layer include: bit rate; point-to-point, multipoint or point-to-multipoint line configuration; physical network topology, for example bus, ring, mesh or star network; serial or parallel communication; simplex, half duplex or full duplex transmission mode; and autonegotiation [15]