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Yorkicystis is a genus of edrioasteroid echinoderm that lived 510 million years ago in the Cambrian aged Kinzers Formation in what is now Pennsylvania. [1] This genus is important as it provides some of the oldest evidence of echinoderms losing their hard mineralized outer skeletons. [1]
Ctenocystoids were widespread during the Middle Cambrian, and have been found in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, the Czech Republic, Poland, Spain, and Morocco. [11] The earliest ctenocystoids date to the beginning of Stage 5 of the Cambrian, [ 12 ] now known as the Wuliuan age, [ 13 ] or possibly slightly earlier, in ...
The Eocrinoidea were an extinct class of echinoderms that lived between the Early Cambrian and Late Silurian periods. They are the earliest known group of stalked, brachiole-bearing echinoderms, and were the most common echinoderms during the Cambrian. The earliest genera had a short holdfast and irregularly structured plates. Later forms had a ...
The oldest undisputed fossils of Edrioasteroidea are known from Cambrian (Stage 3, about 515-520 Ma ago) of Laurentia and are among the oldest known fossils of echinoderms. Some authors propose that an enigmatic Ediacaran (about 600 Ma) organism Arkarua is also an edrioasteroid, but this interpretation did not gain wide acceptance. [ 3 ]
[3] [4] They seem to be one of the oldest groups of echinoderms, and also one of the first to go extinct, as they first appeared some 530 million years ago and would go extinct around 516 million years ago. [1]
The three oldest known candidate echinoderms all lack stereom and other echinoderm apomorphies, making their inclusion in the phylum controversial. [150] Arkarua adami illustration by Pennetta. The oldest potential echinoderm fossil is Arkarua from the late Ediacaran of Australia circa 555 Ma. These fossils are disc-like, with radial ridges on ...
The name urchin is an old word for hedgehog, which sea urchins resemble; they have archaically been called sea hedgehogs. [6] [7] The name is derived from the Old French herichun, from Latin ericius ('hedgehog'). [8] Like other echinoderms, sea urchin early larvae have bilateral symmetry, [9] but they develop five-fold symmetry as they mature ...
Cincta is an extinct class of echinoderms that lived only in the Middle Cambrian epoch. [1] Homostelea is a junior synonym. [2] The classification of cinctans is controversial, but they are probably part of the echinoderm stem group.