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CBTC is a signalling standard defined by the IEEE 1474 standard. [1] The original version was introduced in 1999 and updated in 2004. [1] The aim was to create consistency and standardisation between digital railway signalling systems that allow for an increase in train capacity through what the standard defines as high-resolution train location determination. [1]
The initial headway for express service was between three and five minutes. [ 73 ] 23rd Street–Ely Avenue station opened as an in-fill station on August 28, 1939. [ 74 ] Upon its extension into Jamaica, the line drew Manhattan-bound passengers away from the nearby BMT Jamaica Line subway and the Long Island Rail Road .
CBTC is the most common associated standard, however CBTC as it is described in IEEE 1474 (1999) [7] makes no mention of a requirement for moving block operation. That said, the overwhelming majority of moving block systems use a signalling system consistent with the IEEE 1474 (1999) standard.
Trainguard MT is a communication-based train control (CBTC) developed by Siemens Transportation Systems (ex Matra Transport international, and now integrated into Siemens Mobility) which allows fully automated circulation of rapid transit trains, and thanks to moving block system, less time between trains.
According to the IEEE 1474 (1999), communications-based train control (CBTC) is a continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent of track circuits and continuous communication between train onboard systems and wayside systems. [6]
Trains, with CBTC, can then operate closer together, although as before, platform dwell times and train performance are the true limiting factors in terms of headway performance. With the new system, signals and interlockings are still required, their job being done better by relay interlockings or Solid State Interlocking controllers. [ 6 ]
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CBTC would replace a four-decade old fixed-block signaling system. [152] It would reduce the headway time between trains, allowing more to run during rush hours. At the same time, the entire PATH fleet was replaced with 340 CBTC-equipped PA5 cars, built by Kawasaki Railcar. The original contract was completed in 2011; additional cars were ...