Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2] Neurological soft signs are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
Focal means that it is limited to a focal zone in any lobe. [2] Focal cortical dysplasia is a common cause of intractable epilepsy in children and is a frequent cause of epilepsy in adults. There are three types of FCD with subtypes, including type 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, each with distinct histopathological features.
Focal cortical dysplasia is a brain malformation that may cause temporal lobe epilepsy. [27] This malformation may cause abnormal cortical layers ( dyslamination ), occur with abnormal neurons ( dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells ) and may occur with a brain tumor or vascular malformation. [ 27 ]
A focal impaired awareness seizure affects a larger part of the hemisphere and the person may lose consciousness. If a focal seizure spreads from one hemisphere to the other side of the brain, this will give rise to a focal to bilateral seizure. [5] [6] The person will become unconscious and may experience a tonic–clonic seizure.
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus. [1] Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) may identify individuals with hippocampal sclerosis. [ 2 ]
Even a mild incident can have long-term effects or cause symptoms to appear years later. [5] Studies show there is a correlation between brain lesion and language, speech, and category-specific disorders. Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words , and problems with comprehension.
The associated autobiographical memory impairment is, however, a more puzzling consequence of medial temporal lobe pathology on this theory. It could be that epileptiform activity originating in the medial temporal lobe has the potential to disrupt the distributed neocortical traces required to maintain detailed autobiographical memories.
Geschwind syndrome, also known as Gastaut–Geschwind syndrome, is a group of behavioral phenomena evident in some people with temporal lobe epilepsy.It is named for one of the first individuals to categorize the symptoms, Norman Geschwind, who published prolifically on the topic from 1973 to 1984. [1]