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In organic chemistry, umpolung (German: [ˈʔʊmˌpoːlʊŋ]) or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible. [ 3 ]
Alphanumeric designations are typically in the form H 1 for primaries, and for secondaries, X 1, (and Y 1, Z 1, if more windings present). Unlike single-phase transformers, three-phase transformers may have a phase shift due to different winding configurations (for example, a wye connected primary and a delta connected secondary), resulting in ...
Parallel operations: All the transformers should have same phase rotation, vector group, tap setting & polarity of the winding. Ground fault Relay: A Dd transformer does not have neutral. To restrict the ground faults in such systems, we may use a zigzag wound transformer to create a neutral along with the ground fault relay.
Since most electronic circuits can be damaged when the polarity of their power supply inputs are reversed, a series diode is sometimes used to protect against such situations. This concept is known by multiple naming variations that mean the same thing: reverse voltage protection, reverse polarity protection, and reverse battery protection.
It acts as an electronic toggle switch, the half bridge is not able to switch polarity of the voltage applied to the load. The half bridge is used in some switched-mode power supplies that use synchronous rectifiers and in switching amplifiers. The half-H bridge type is commonly abbreviated to "Half-H" to distinguish it from full ("Full-H") H ...
(from top) Single-pole reed switch, four-pole reed switch and single-pole reed relay. Scale in centimeters. A reed relay [i] is a type of relay that uses an electromagnet to control one or more reed switches. The contacts are of magnetic material and the electromagnet acts directly on them without requiring an armature to move them.
On the inside, the configuration of the wire windings makes it different. The stator portion of the resolver houses three windings: an exciter winding and two two-phase windings (usually labeled "x" and "y") (case of a brushless resolver). The exciter winding is located on the top; it is a coil of a turning (rotary) transformer.
Buchholz relays have a test port to allow the accumulated gas to be withdrawn for testing. Flammable gas found in the relay indicates some internal fault such as overheating or arcing, whereas air found in the relay may only indicate low oil level or a leak. [3] Through a connected gas sampling device the control can also be made from the ground.