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DNA and RNA also contain other (non-primary) bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed. In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C). In RNA, there are many modified bases, including those contained in the nucleosides pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), and 7-methylguanosine ...
A section of DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two spiraling strands [15] (animated version). The DNA double helix is stabilized primarily by two forces: hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and base-stacking interactions among aromatic nucleobases. [16] The four bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
Methylated forms of the major bases are most common in DNA. In viral DNA, some bases may be hydroxymethylated or glucosylated. In RNA, minor or modified bases occur more frequently. Some examples include hypoxanthine, dihydrouracil, methylated forms of uracil, cytosine, and guanine, as well as modified nucleoside pseudouridine. [3]
2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine, a weak non-nucleophilic base [2] pK a = 3.58; Phosphazene bases, such as t-Bu-P 4 [3] Non-nucleophilic bases of high strength are usually anions. For these species, the pK a s of the conjugate acids are around 35–40. Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), pK a = 36
This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
For example, fruit flies share 61 percent of disease-causing genes with humans, which was important when NASA studied the bugs to learn more about what space travel might do to your genes.
DNA structure and bases A-B-Z-DNA Side View. Tertiary structure refers to the locations of the atoms in three-dimensional space, taking into consideration geometrical and steric constraints. It is a higher order than the secondary structure, in which large-scale folding in a linear polymer occurs and the entire chain is folded into a specific 3 ...
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