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A fire alarm control panel Fire alarm speaker and pull station. Fire alarm systems are composed of several distinct parts: Fire alarm control panel (FACP), or fire alarm control unit (FACU): This component, the hub of the system, monitors inputs and system integrity, controls outputs, and transmits information.
When identifying the unit/firefighter alarm designation, the initial dispatch is referred to as a "first alarm" and is typically the largest. Subsequent alarms are calls for additional units, usually because the fire has grown and additional resources are needed to combat it, or because the incident is persisting long enough that firefighters on scene need to be relieved.
Many modern fire alarm pull stations are single-action and only require the user to pull down a handle to sound the alarm. Other fire alarm pull stations are dual-action, and as such require the user to perform a second task before pulling down, such as lifting or pushing in a panel on the station or breaking a glass panel with an attached hammer.
Smoke detector mounted on a ceiling. A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.Smoke detectors/Alarms are usually housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about 125 millimetres (5 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but shape and size vary.
Coded panels were the earliest type of central fire alarm control, and were made during the 1800s to the 1970s. A coded panel is similar in many ways to a modern conventional panel (described below), except each zone was connected to its own code wheel, which, depending on the way the panel was set up, would either do sets of four rounds of code until the initiating pull station was reset ...
In dwellings, smoke detectors are often stand-alone devices. In non-domestic buildings, fire detection will typically take the form of a fire alarm system, incorporating one or more of the following automatic devices: Heat detector; Smoke detector; Flame detector; Fire gas detector
A fire alarm box, fire alarm call box, or fire alarm pull box is a device used for notifying a fire department of a fire or a fire alarm activation. Typically installed on street corners or on the outside of commercial buildings in urban areas, they were the main means of summoning firefighters before the general availability of telephones.
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. [1] [2] It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems.