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The system included extensive training of civilians as well as the construction of more than 12,000 air raid shelters in Attica, equipped with German made blast doors and air filtering systems. From 1939 forward virtually all new apartment buildings contained built-in hardened basements and cellars that functioned as (unofficial) bunkers ...
Smaller single-purpose flak towers were built at key outlying German strongpoints, such as at Angers in France, and Heligoland in Germany. The towers were operated by the Luftwaffe to defend against Allied strategic air raids against these cities during World War II. They also served as air-raid shelters for tens of thousands of local civilians.
The Blitz (1940 and 1941) – German air raids on British cities in which at least 40,000 died, including 57 consecutive nights of air raids just over London; Baedeker Blitz (April and May 1942) – Air raids on English cities of cultural/historical importance, rather than military significance; Bombing of Guernica (26 April 1937) – German ...
The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom, from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941, [4] for slightly over 8 months during World War II.. The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns, and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940 (a battle for daylight air superiority between the Luftwaffe and the ...
The RLB was in charge of educating and training ordinary German men and women in civil defence procedures necessary for the basic level of local self-help of the civil population against air raids. The local level was formed around air raid wardens and operated in small first intervention squads. The training include fire fighting, protection ...
By far the most important factor motivating trekking was a desire to sleep, with many civilians finding it was impossible to do so while awaiting a possible air attack or enduring a raid. Due to the lack of air raid shelters in provincial cities, it was necessary to leave them to be guaranteed a good night's sleep; in comparison, many Londoners ...
Together with ideas around the building of air raid shelters, evacuations of people and blackout requirements these were all termed passive air defence. With the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany 's remilitarisation during the 1930s, a further Home Office committee, the Air Raid Precautions (ARP) Department, was created in March 1935.
Operation Steinbock or Operation Capricorn (German: Unternehmen Steinbock), sometimes called the Baby Blitz or Little Blitz, was a strategic bombing campaign by the German Air Force (the Luftwaffe) during the Second World War. It targeted southern England and lasted from January to May 1944. Steinbock was the last strategic air offensive by the ...