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Special treatment of X.509 certificate fields for self-signed certificate can be found in RFC 3280. [1] Revocation of self-signed certificates differs from CA-signed certificates. By nature, no entity (CA or others) can revoke a self-signed certificate. But one could invalidate a self-signed CA by removing it from the trust whitelist. [3]
CRL for a revoked cert of Verisign CA. There are two different states of revocation defined in RFC 5280: Revoked A certificate is irreversibly revoked if, for example, it is discovered that the certificate authority (CA) had improperly issued a certificate, or if a private-key is thought to have been compromised.
Certificate revocation is "an important tool" for dealing with attacks and accidental compromises. RFC 9325 places a normative requirement on TLS implementations to have some means of distrusting certificates. [9] Without revocation, an attacker can use a compromised certificate to impersonate its owner until expiry. [4]
Without revocation, an attacker would be able to exploit such a compromised or mis-issued certificate until expiry. [15] Hence, revocation is an important part of a public key infrastructure. [16] Revocation is performed by the issuing certificate authority, which produces a cryptographically authenticated statement of revocation. [17]
X.509 certificates bind an identity to a public key using a digital signature. In the X.509 system, there are two types of certificates. The first is a CA certificate. The second is an end-entity certificate. A CA certificate can issue other certificates. The top level, self-signed CA certificate is sometimes called the Root CA certificate.
This creates the ability to issue, distribute and revoke digital certificates without the direct action of the root CA. Because the consequences of a compromised root CA are so great (up to and including the need to re-issue each and every certificate in the PKI), all root CAs must be kept safe from unauthorized access.
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When using the PKCS #10 format, the request must be self-signed using the applicant's private key, which provides proof-of-possession of the private key but limits the use of this format to keys that can be used for (some form of) signing. The CSR should be accompanied by a proof of origin (i.e., proof of identity of the applicant) that is ...