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The hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network. It is a common part of an operating system's Internet Protocol (IP) implementation, and serves the function of translating human-friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses, called IP addresses, that identify and locate a host in an IP network.
Unix-like operating systems commonly implement IP address blocking using a TCP wrapper, configured by host access control files /etc/hosts.deny and /etc/hosts.allow.. Both companies and schools offering remote user access use Linux programs such as DenyHosts or Fail2ban for protection from unauthorized access while allowing permitted remote access.
If you are looking for a simple, general mechanism for the local specification of IP addresses for specific hostnames (server names), use the HOSTS file, not the LMHOSTS file. The file, if it exists, is read as the LMHOSTS setting file. A sample file (lmhosts.sam) is provided. It contains documentation for manually configuring the file.
Other than to say that IP address maps to closest MAC address (or MAC address of port going out of subnet) and its similarity of host name to IP address, all similarity ends there. I would limit the scope of a hosts file discussion to NOT include lower network layer protocols since that is a different subject.
In November 2019, a uBlock Origin user reported a novel technique used by some sites to bypass third-party tracker blocking. These sites link to URLs that are sub-domains of the page's domain, but those sub-domains resolve to third-party hosts via a CNAME record. Since the initial URL contained a sub-domain of the current page, it was ...
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Editing this hosts file is simple and effective because most DNS clients will read the local hosts file before querying a remote DNS server. Storing black-hole entries in the hosts file prevents the browser from accessing an ad server by manipulating the name resolution of the ad server to a local or nonexistent IP address ( 127.0.0.1 or 0.0.0 ...
One example of blocking malicious domains is to stop botnets, by interrupting the DNS names the botnet is programmed to use for coordination. [8] Another use is to block ad serving sites, either using a hosts file-based sinkhole [9] or by locally running a DNS server (e.g., using a Pi-hole). Local DNS servers effectively block ads for all ...