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Building on research by Barbara Fredrickson suggesting that individuals with a higher ratio of positive to negative emotions tend to have more successful life outcomes, [16] and on studies by Marcial Losada applying differential equations from fluid dynamics to human emotions, [citation needed] Fredrickson and Losada proposed as informative a ratio of positive to negative affect derived from ...
Over time, this broadened behavioral repertoire builds useful skills and psychological resources. The theory was developed by Barbara Fredrickson around 1998. [2] Positive emotions have no immediate survival value, because they take one's mind off immediate needs and stressors.
Barbara Lee Fredrickson (born June 15, 1964) [1] is an American professor in the department of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she is the Kenan Distinguished Professor of Psychology. She is also the Principal Investigator of the Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Lab (PEPLab) at the University of North ...
The model also predicted the existence of an upper limit to happiness, reached at a positivity ratio of 11.5. Fredrickson and Losada claimed that at this limit, flourishing begins to disintegrate and productivity and creativity decrease. They suggested as positivity increased, so to "appropriate negativity" needs to increase.
Barbara Fredrickson developed the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. [52] According to Fredrickson there is a wide variety of positive effects that positive emotions and experiences have on human lives. [52] Fredrickson notes two characteristics of positive emotions that differ from negative emotions: [53]
Positive emotions are linked to a variety of outcomes. According to Barbara Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build Theory (2001), positive emotions can serve as a key element to human flourishing. [12] Flourishing entails having high levels of social, emotional, and psychological well-being. [13]
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The peak–end rule is an elaboration on the snapshot model of remembered utility proposed by Barbara Fredrickson and Daniel Kahneman.This model dictates that an event is not judged by the entirety of an experience, but by prototypical moments (or snapshots) as a result of the representativeness heuristic. [1]