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The letters of the Macedonian alphabet. The word Македонија ("Macedonia") in Macedonian, written in cursive script. The above table contains the printed form of the Macedonian alphabet; the cursive script is significantly different, and is illustrated below in lower and upper case (letter order and layout below corresponds to table above).
Macedonian possesses five vowels, one semivowel, three liquid consonants, three nasal stops, three pairs of fricatives, two pairs of affricates, a non-paired voiceless fricative, nine pairs of voiced and unvoiced consonants and four pairs of stops.
The Macedonian language had previously been written using the Early Cyrillic alphabet and later using Cyrillic with local adaptations from either the Serbian or Bulgarian alphabets. The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Macedonian alphabet, along with the IPA value for each letter:
The Macedonian alphabet also uses the apostrophe sign (') as a sound. It is used to mark the syllable forming / р˳ / , at the beginning of the word ( 'рж - rye, 'рбет - spine) and to represent the phoneme schwa in some literary words or Turkish loanwords ( 'к'смет - fortune).
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available.
The Macedonian alphabet differs from Serbian in the following ways: Between Ze (З з) and I (И и) is the letter Dze (Ѕ ѕ), which looks like the Latin letter S and represents /d͡z/. Dje (Ђ ђ) is replaced by Gje (Ѓ ѓ), which represents /ɟ/ (voiced palatal stop). In some dialects, it represents /d͡ʑ/ instead, like Dje.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Macedonian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Dze (Ѕ ѕ; italics: Ѕ ѕ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used in the Macedonian alphabet to represent the voiced alveolar affricate /d͡z/, similar to the pronunciation of ds in "needs" or "kids" in English.