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As far back as 1787 a Frenchman by the name of M. Magne de Marolles gave an account of choke-boring, though he argued against it. [3]Some sources state that the first pioneer was a Czech named Dominik Brandejs, who made shotguns with a choke in order to reduce the dispersion of shots, but his design was not popular in the 1820s.
For example, the Dimension of the Chamber, the Shotgun bore Dimension and the valid Proof Load and Commercial Ammunition, as defined by the C.I.P.; defined in Great Britain by the Rules, regulations and scales applicable to the proof of small arms (2006) [1] of The London Proof House and The Birmingham Proof House, as referred in the Gun Barrel ...
For older shotguns having only one fixed choke, intended primarily for equally likely use against rabbits, squirrels, quail, doves, and pheasant, an often-chosen choke is the improved cylinder, in a 28 inches (710 mm) barrel, making the shotgun suitable for use as a general all-round hunting shotgun, without having excess weight.
The original 870 models were offered with fixed chokes. In 1986 Remington introduced the new Remington "Rem Choke" system of screw-in chokes (also fitted to Remington model 1100 auto-loading shotguns at the same time). Initially, the Rem Chokes were offered only in 12 gauge in barrel lengths of 21, 26 and 28 in (530, 660 and 710 mm).
Home-defense and law enforcement shotguns are usually chambered for 12-gauge shells, providing maximum shot power and the use of a variety of projectiles such as buckshot, rubber, sandbag and slug shells, but 20-gauge (common in bird-hunting shotguns) or .410 (common in youth-size shotguns) are also available in defense-type shotgun models ...
Having two barrels lets the shooter use a more open choke for near targets, and a tighter choke for distant targets, [6] providing the optimal shot pattern for each distance. The disadvantage lies in the fact that the barrels of a double-barreled shotgun, whether over-and-under or side-by-side, are not parallel, but slightly angled, [ citation ...
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Muzzles of shotgun barrels with different shapes of chokes. A: no choke, cylindrical, zylindrische Laufbohrung (ohne Choke) B: improved cylinder, verbesserte Zylinderbohrung