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Pawnee Bill's ranch in 1911. Pawnee Bill believed strongly in the importance of the bison to the history of the American West and to the Plains Indian culture. He desired to perpetuate and develop the bison and lobbied congress to pass legislation to protect the animal. [3] This was the beginning of the ranch's time as a bison preservation.
Four tallgrass prairie preserves are located in the Flint Hills. The largest of these, the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, in the Osage Hills near Pawhuska, Oklahoma boasts a large population of bison and is an important refuge for other wildlife such as the greater prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido).
The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was a 110,000-acre (45,000 ha) cattle ranch in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma before statehood. Located near modern-day Ponca City , it was founded by Colonel George Washington Miller, a veteran of the Confederate Army, in 1893. [ 4 ]
The ranch is a 3,700-acre (1,500 ha) wildlife preserve, home to over 30 different species of native and exotic wildlife, such as bison, elk and longhorn cattle. Woolaroc is also a museum with a collection of Western art and artifacts, American Indian material, and one of the largest collections of Colt firearms in the world.
Oklahoma State University has a research station near the visitor center. Near Salt Creek are two hiking trails. One is a short nature trail; the other is a 2-mile (3 km) trail that climbs to overlooks over the creek and through the riparian forest. Frequently, bison are seen just across the fence that separates the hiking area from grazing areas.
Established in 1970, a partnership between Ducks Unlimited, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the National Audubon Society, U.S. Coast Guard, Oklahoma State Parks, Oklahoma State University, and Missouri State University. [84] Hunting is allowed in the Sandtown Bottom, Webbers Bottom, and Girty Bottom.
The Olsen–Chubbuck Bison kill site is a Paleo-Indian site that dates to an estimated 8000–6500 B.C. and provides evidence for bison hunting and using a game drive system, long before the use of the bow and arrow or horses. [1]
The CCC Ranch Headquarters is a historic ranch headquarters in Texhoma, Oklahoma. The headquarters site consists of a ranch house and bunkhouse located along the Beaver River . Built circa 1880, the ranch headquarters served the CCC Ranch, the largest ranch in the Oklahoma Panhandle from 1890 to 1901.