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An alloy is distinct from an impure metal in that, with an alloy, the added elements are well controlled to produce desirable properties, while impure metals such as wrought iron are less controlled, but are often considered useful. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
Although alloy steels have been made for centuries, their metallurgy was not well understood until the advancing chemical science of the nineteenth century revealed their compositions. Alloy steels from earlier times were expensive luxuries made on the model of "secret recipes" and forged into tools such as knives and swords.
Wire rope made from steel alloy. The alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steels) make up the largest proportion of metals today both by quantity and commercial value. Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon steels. An iron-carbon alloy is only considered steel if the carbon ...
There is no doubt that if a bearing is to be highly loaded in relation to its size, a high-tin alloy is desirable; whereas for much lower-speed work and less heavily loaded bearings, a lead-based Babbitt may be employed and is far more economical. Surface speed of the shaft (the number of feet traveled per minute by the shaft circumferentially):
Alloy 20 (Carpenter 20) is an austenitic stainless steel possessing excellent resistance to hot sulfuric acid and many other aggressive environments which would readily attack type 316 stainless. This alloy exhibits superior resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in boiling 20–40% sulfuric acid.
A modern ferrocerium firesteel product is composed of an alloy of rare-earth metals called mischmetal, containing approximately 20.8% iron, 41.8% cerium, about 4.4% each of praseodymium, neodymium, and magnesium, plus 24.2% lanthanum. [5] A variety of other components are added to modify the spark and processing characteristics. [2]
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Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device; Ferrocerium (cerium, iron) Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet; SmCo ; used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc. Scandium hydride