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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is the application of ultrasound contrast medium to traditional medical sonography. Ultrasound contrast agents rely on the different ways in which sound waves are reflected from interfaces between substances. This may be the surface of a small air bubble or a more complex structure.
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound , which is different from radiopharmaceuticals , which emit radiation themselves.
The most common example of molecular imaging used clinically today is to inject a contrast agent (e.g., a microbubble, metal ion, or radioactive isotope) into a patient's bloodstream and to use an imaging modality (e.g., ultrasound, MRI, CT, PET) to track its movement in the body.
A contrast medium for medical ultrasonography is a formulation of encapsulated gaseous microbubbles [64] to increase echogenicity of blood, discovered by Dr. Raymond Gramiak in 1968 [65] and named contrast-enhanced ultrasound. This contrast medical imaging modality is used throughout the world, [66] for echocardiography in particular in the ...
Several exogenous contrast agents have also been used in MSOT, including some common histology dyes, fluorescent dyes, novel metal-based agents and non-metallic nanoparticles. [2] Transfecting target tissue with reporter genes to express contrast agents in situ has also been reported, such as transfection with the tyrosinase gene to produce ...
Microbubbles work as contrast agents in ultrasound for two main reasons: The large difference in acoustic impedance between body tissues and the microbubbles and their quality of having a resonant frequency generally under 10 MHz. Due to the larger mismatch in acoustic impedances, the microbubbles are near-perfect reflectors of ultrasound waves ...
[3] [6] Although barium X-ray examinations are increasingly being replaced by more modern techniques, such as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, endoscopy and capsule endoscopy, [7] barium contrast imaging remains in common use because it offers the advantages of greater affordability, wider availability, [1 ...
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.