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A pawn may move by vertically advancing to a vacant square ahead. The first time a pawn moves, it has the additional option of vertically advancing two squares, provided that both squares are vacant. Unlike other pieces, the pawn can only move forwards. In the second diagram, the pawn on c4 can move to c5; the pawn on e2 can move to either e3 ...
Exchanges can appear in connection with practically any kind of attacking or defensive chess tactic or combination of tactics. Such tactics can involve checkmating the opponent, avoiding checkmate, gaining a material advantage, avoid losing more material than necessary, helping a pawn to promote, preventing an opponent's pawn promotion, or setting up a draw by any of a couple methods.
Paradoxically, checkmate with two knights sometimes can be forced if the weaker side has a single extra pawn, but this is a curiosity of little practical value (see two knights endgame). Pawnless endgames are a rarity, and if the stronger side has even a single pawn, an extra knight should give them an easy win. A bishop can trap (although it ...
some pawn exchanges may be necessary to open files, but keep pawns on both sides of the board; try to keep the position unbalanced. A passed pawn almost immediately becomes a winning advantage. [15] If the minor piece has an extra pawn (i.e. one pawn for the exchange), the rook should win, but with difficulty.
A pawn is referred to by the file on which it stands: a rook pawn is on the a- or h-file, a knight pawn is on the b- or g-file, a bishop pawn is on the c- or f-file. A central pawn is a queen pawn or a king pawn, on the d- or e-file. When designating a position as a win or a draw, optimal play by both sides is assumed.
The files adjacent to the isolated pawn are either open or half-open, providing two lanes of attack for the rooks and the queen. [1] The absence of adjacent pawns may also aid mobilization of the player's knights and bishops. An isolated pawn on the d-file is called an isolated queen pawn or simply an isolani. [2]
Black can offer to exchange the d-pawn for White's e-pawn with 2...d6, arguing that after White captures with exd6, ...Bxd6 will offer Black a lead in development to compensate for the pawn. After the continuation 2...Nc6 3.Nf3, Black may round up the e5-pawn with 3...Qe7, intending to meet 4.Bf4 with the disruptive 4...Qb4+, and ensuring that ...
It cannot move or capture like a knight to the last rank, thus the black king on d8 is not in check. The white knight on b7 does not check the king either and cannot capture the pawn on a5. The white queen cannot take the black knight on c3. The white king is not in check by the black knight on c2.