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The screw pump is the oldest positive displacement pump. [1] The first records of a water screw, or screw pump, date back to Hellenistic Egypt before the 3rd century BC. [1] [3] The Egyptian screw, used to lift water from the Nile, was composed of tubes wound round a cylinder; as the entire unit rotates, water is lifted within the spiral tube to the higher elevation.
Archimedes of Syracuse [a] (/ ˌ ɑːr k ɪ ˈ m iː d iː z / AR-kim-EE-deez; [2] c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. [3] Although few details of his life are known, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.
A screw turbine at a small hydro power plant in Goryn, Poland. The Archimedean screw is an ancient invention, attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse (287–212 BC.), and commonly used to raise water from a watercourse for irrigation purposes.
Most experts believe that the Antikythera Mechanism was used to predict astronomical positions, like eclipses. Image credits: Isabella Thornton #24 Ski-Sailing - A New Sport Invented In Austria ...
5. Play-Doh. Who: Kay Zufall, Brian, Joseph McVicker, Bill Rhodenbaugh When: 1956 . How it was created: The gooey toy kids have been playing with for decades began as a household cleaning product ...
Method of exhaustion: Formalized by Eudoxus of Cnidus in the early 4th century BC, used by Archimedes to calculate the value of pi and the area under a curve. [95] Mathematical proof: The mathematical proof was a product of Greek mathematics, evolving gradually to reach the method still used today in Euclid's Elements around 300 BC. [96]
Some of Archimedes' inventions, as well as the Antikythera mechanism, required sophisticated knowledge of differential gearing or epicyclic gearing, two key principles in machine theory that helped design the gear trains of the Industrial revolution and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering. [24]
Image credits: Sasha Weilbaker #7 Solar Panels. While both solar panels and plant leaves harvest energy from the sun, a team at Princeton University took biomimicry in solar panels a step further ...