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Spin network diagram, after Penrose In physics , a spin network is a type of diagram which can be used to represent states and interactions between particles and fields in quantum mechanics . From a mathematical perspective, the diagrams are a concise way to represent multilinear functions and functions between representations of matrix groups .
Metal spinning, also known as spin forming or spinning or metal turning most commonly, is a metalworking process by which a disc or tube of metal is rotated at high speed and formed into an axially symmetric part. [1]
In solid-state physics, the free electron model is a quantum mechanical model for the behaviour of charge carriers in a metallic solid. It was developed in 1927, [1] principally by Arnold Sommerfeld, who combined the classical Drude model with quantum mechanical Fermi–Dirac statistics and hence it is also known as the Drude–Sommerfeld model.
A schematic diagram of a spin valve/magnetic tunnel junction. In a spin valve the spacer layer (purple) is metallic; in a magnetic tunnel junction it is insulating. Spin-transfer torque (STT) is an effect in which the orientation of a magnetic layer in a magnetic tunnel junction or spin valve can be modified using a spin-polarized current.
S is the total spin quantum number for the atom's electrons. The value 2S + 1 written in the term symbol is the spin multiplicity, which is the number of possible values of the spin magnetic quantum number M S for a given spin S. J is the total angular momentum quantum number for the atom's electrons. J has a value in the range from |L − S ...
In solid-state physics, the nearly free electron model (or NFE model and quasi-free electron model) is a quantum mechanical model of physical properties of electrons that can move almost freely through the crystal lattice of a solid. The model is closely related to the more conceptual empty lattice approximation.
The metal (A) is melted by induction coils (I) and pushed by gas pressure (P), in a jet through a small orifice in the crucible (K) over the spinning drum (B) where it is rapidly cooled to form the ribbon of amorphous material (C)
The altermagnetic spin polarisation alternates in wavevector space and forms characteristic 2, 4, or 6 spin-degenerate nodes, respectively, which correspond to d-, g, or i-wave order parameters. [7] A d -wave altermagnet can be regarded as the magnetic counterpart of a d -wave superconductor .