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The glass transition temperature of basalt is about 700 °C (1,292 °F). [4] The mechanisms controlling formation of volcanic glass are further illustrated by the two forms of basaltic glass, tachylite and sideromelane. Tachylite is opaque to transmitted light because of the abundance of tiny oxide mineral crystals suspended in the glass ...
USGS Geologic Map of the Gulf of Mexico. The formation of the Gulf of Mexico, an oceanic rift basin located between North America and the Yucatan Block, was preceded by the breakup of the Supercontinent Pangaea in the Late-Triassic, weakening the lithosphere.
They are geological depressions, the inverse of domes. Elongated structural basins are a type of geological trough . Some structural basins are sedimentary basins , aggregations of sediment that filled up a depression or accumulated in an area; others were formed by tectonic events long after the sedimentary layers were deposited.
Panhole: a shallow depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping, cohesive rock. [2] Collapse-related: Sinkhole: a depression formed as a result of the collapse of rocks lying above a hollow. This is common in karst regions. Kettle: a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by melting glacial remnants in terminal moraines. [3]
Geologic map of the Michigan Basin. The Michigan Basin is a geologic basin centered on the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan.The feature is represented by a nearly circular pattern of geologic sedimentary strata in the area with a nearly uniform structural dip toward the center of the peninsula.
Examples of these basins are the South Oman Salt Basin [6] and the Michigan Basin. In the past, there was a great shallow sea covering most of the Great Plains region of the United States; when this sea dried up, it created the Strataca deposit now mined in Kansas , among others.
The batholith – the combined mass of subsurface plutons – became exposed as tectonic forces initiated the formation of the Basin and Range geologic province, including the Sierra Nevada. As the mountains rose, the forces of erosion eventually wore down the material which had covered the batholith for millions of years.
In Nevada's recent geologic past, tectonic changes have created normal faults and creating the basin and range horst and graben terrain. Thinning of the upper crust caused deeper, highly metamorphosed rock masses to rise to the surface, where it is overlain by younger faulted and domed rocks.