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The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
Eventually, the concept of numbers became concrete and familiar enough for counting to arise, at times with sing-song mnemonics to teach sequences to others. All known human languages, except the Piraha language, have words for at least the numerals "one" and "two", and even some animals like the blackbird can distinguish a surprising number of items.
Alan Turing, English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and cryptanalyst. (circa 1930) Before the 1920s, computers (sometimes computors) were human clerks that performed computations. They were usually under the lead of a physicist. Many thousands of computers were employed in commerce, government, and research establishments.
Built the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, though it was neither programmable nor Turing-complete. 1822, 1837 Babbage, Charles: Originated the concept of a programmable general-purpose computer; designed the Analytical Engine and built a prototype for a less powerful mechanical calculator. 1973 Bachman, Charles
Computer science is more theoretical (Turing's essay is an example of computer science), whereas software engineering is focused on more practical concerns. However, prior to 1946, software as we now understand it – programs stored in the memory of stored-program digital computers – did not yet exist.
The second-generation computer architectures initially varied; they included character-based decimal computers, sign-magnitude decimal computers with a 10-digit word, sign-magnitude binary computers, and ones' complement binary computers, although Philco, RCA, and Honeywell, for example, had some computers that were character-based binary ...
Free University of Brussels: Scheme 1997 Squeak: Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer: Smalltalk-80, Self 1997 ECMAScript: ECMA TC39-TG1 JavaScript: 1997 F-Script Philippe Mougin Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C 1997 ISLISP: ISO Standard ISLISP Common Lisp: 1997 Tea: Jorge Nunes Java, Scheme, Tcl: 1997 REBOL: Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies Self ...
Some computers in this series remained in service until the 1980s. June 1952: US IAS machine completed at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, US (by Von Neumann and others). 1952 France Bull introduces the Gamma 3. A dual-mode decimal and binary computer that sold over 1200 units, becoming the first computer produced in over 1000 units ...