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  2. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b). In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  3. Factorization of polynomials over finite fields - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of...

    For the fourth time through the loop we get y = 1, z = x + 2, R = (x + 1)(x + 2) 4, with updates i = 5, w = 1 and c = x 6 + 1. Since w = 1, we exit the while loop. Since c ≠ 1, it must be a perfect cube. The cube root of c, obtained by replacing x 3 by x is x 2 + 1, and calling the

  4. Factorization of polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of_polynomials

    If one of these values is 0, we have a linear factor. If the values are nonzero, we can list the possible factorizations for each. Now, 2 can only factor as 1×2, 2×1, (−1)×(−2), or (−2)×(−1). Therefore, if a second degree integer polynomial factor exists, it must take one of the values p(0) = 1, 2, −1, or −2. and likewise for p(-1).

  5. Irreducible polynomial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_polynomial

    In mathematics, an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials.The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the ring to which the coefficients of the polynomial and its possible factors are supposed to belong.

  6. Quadratic sieve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_sieve

    The quadratic sieve attempts to find pairs of integers x and y(x) (where y(x) is a function of x) satisfying a much weaker condition than x 2 ≡ y 2 (mod n). It selects a set of primes called the factor base , and attempts to find x such that the least absolute remainder of y ( x ) = x 2 mod n factorizes completely over the factor base.

  7. Square-free polynomial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-free_polynomial

    A square-free decomposition or square-free factorization of a polynomial is a factorization into powers of square-free polynomials f = a 1 a 2 2 a 3 3 ⋯ a n n = ∏ k = 1 n a k k {\displaystyle f=a_{1}a_{2}^{2}a_{3}^{3}\cdots a_{n}^{n}=\prod _{k=1}^{n}a_{k}^{k}\,}

  8. Pollard's p − 1 algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard%27s_p_%E2%88%92_1...

    If a number x is congruent to 1 modulo a factor of n, then the gcd(x − 1, n) will be divisible by that factor. The idea is to make the exponent a large multiple of p − 1 by making it a number with very many prime factors; generally, we take the product of all prime powers less than some limit B.

  9. Well-ordering principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-ordering_principle

    By the well-ordering principle, has a minimum element such that when =, the equation is false, but true for all positive integers less than . The equation is true for n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} , so c > 1 {\displaystyle c>1} ; c − 1 {\displaystyle c-1} is a positive integer less than c {\displaystyle c} , so the equation holds for c − 1 ...