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Emission control areas (ECAs), or sulfur emission control areas (SECAs), are sea areas in which stricter controls were established to minimize airborne emissions from ships as defined by Annex VI [1] of the 1997 MARPOL Protocol. The emissions specifically include SOx, NOx, ODSs and VOCs [2] and the regulations came into effect in May 2005.
Directive 2008/50/EC, or the Ambient Air Quality Directive, is an EU directive which limits sulphur dioxide, NO 2 and other oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), lead, benzene and carbon monoxide concentrations from 2010.
The directive specified emission limits for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust. [2] The directive was issued in October 2001. It replaced the earlier EEC directive on large combustion plants, 88/609/EEC, issued in November 1988. [3] Under the terms of the directive, combustion plant built after 1987 had to comply with specific emissions ...
Sulfur oxide refers to many types of sulfur and oxygen containing compounds such as SO, SO 2, SO 3, S 7 O 2, S 6 O 2, S 2 O 2, etc. Sulfur oxide (SO x) refers to one or more of the following: Lower sulfur oxides (S n O, S 7 O 2 and S 6 O 2) Sulfur monoxide (SO) and its dimer, Disulfur dioxide (S 2 O 2) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) Sulfur trioxide (SO 3)
Maximum sulfur content is specified for gas oil fuels (other than fuels used in vehicles) at 0.2% effective by July 2000 and 0.1% by January 2008. The details of the Protocol are identified in a series of Annexes that address specific pollutants and emission source sectors (e.g. Annex V: "Limit values for emissions of nitrogen oxides from ...
The Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30 per cent is a 1985 protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution agreement that provided for a 30 per cent reduction in sulphur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993.
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO 2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns.
Among these are nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), all of which are covered in the NAAQS. NO 2 is the oxide measured and used as the indicator for the entire NO x family as it is of the most concern due to its quick formation and contribution to the formation of harmful ground level ozone. [18]