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An AC adapter or AC/DC adapter (also called a wall charger, power adapter, power brick, or wall wart) [1] is a type of external power supply, often enclosed in a case similar to an AC plug. [2] AC adapters deliver electric power to devices that lack internal components to draw voltage and power from mains power themselves.
A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current. Power converters include simple devices such as transformers, and more complex ones like resonant converters.
In 1999, the Commissione Italiana Veicoli Elettrici Stradali [] (Italian electric vehicles association, CIVES) approached Scame to design an interface specifically for charging electric vehicles, [2] which led to a system that delivered single-phase AC line voltage through what is now called a Type 3A female socket via an adaptor that plugged into a standard 230 V AC outlet. [3]
The result with either is AC-in, DC-out. With an M-G set, the DC can be considered to be separately generated from the AC; with a synchronous converter, in a certain sense it can be considered to be "mechanically rectified AC". Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an M-G set or rotary converter can be "run backwards", converting DC ...
Commonly, though incorrectly, called "Level 3" charging based on the older NEC-1999 definition, DC charging is categorized separately in the SAE standard. In DC fast-charging, grid AC power is passed through an AC-to-DC converter in the station before reaching the vehicle's battery, bypassing any AC-to-DC converter on board the vehicle. [8] [9]
CCS1 (Combined Charging System Combo 1) plug as used in North America. It is an extension of the J1772 standard AC charging connector. CCS Combo 1 vehicle inlet showing the J1772 and the two DC fast-charging pins Connectors: Incomplete Combo 2 (left) showing the two large direct current (DC) pins below, while the four alternating current (AC) pins for neutral and three-phase are removed, while ...
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