Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America and North America. [2] In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was conservatism, but liberalism later survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism.
Neo-classical liberals, who called themselves "true liberals", saw Locke's Second Treatise as the best guide and emphasised "limited government" while social liberals supported government regulation and the welfare state. Herbert Spencer in Britain and William Graham Sumner were the leading neo-classical liberal theorists of the 19th century. [48]
Liberalism in Europe is a political movement that supports a broad tradition of individual liberties and constitutionally-limited and democratically accountable government. These European derivatives of classical liberalism are found in centrist movements and parties, as well as some parties on the centre-left and the centre-right. Most ...
The 19th century saw liberal governments established in Europe and South America, and it was well-established alongside republicanism in the United States. [10] In Victorian Britain, it was used to critique the political establishment, appealing to science and reason on behalf of the people. [11]
The revolutions arose from such a wide variety of causes that it is difficult to view them as resulting from a coherent movement or set of social phenomena. Numerous changes had been taking place in European society throughout the first half of the 19th century. Both liberal reformers and radical politicians were reshaping national governments.
The roots of national liberalism are to be found in the 19th century, when conservative liberalism and/or classical liberalism was the ideology of the political classes in most European countries and in particular those of Central Europe, then governed by hereditary monarchies.
Monument to the liberals of the 19th century in Agra del Orzán neighborhood, La Coruña, Galicia, (from Liberalism) Image 31 As a liberal nationalist , K. J. Ståhlberg (1865–1952), the President of Finland , anchored the state in liberal democracy , guarded the fragile germ of the rule of law , and embarked on internal reforms.
The Dominions of the British Empire became laboratories for liberal democracy from the mid 19th century onward. In Canada, responsible government began in the 1840s and in Australia and New Zealand, parliamentary government elected by male suffrage and secret ballot was established from the 1850s and female suffrage achieved from the 1890s.