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German words which come from Latin words with c before e, i, y, ae, oe are usually pronounced with (/ts/) and spelled with z. The letter q in German only ever appears in the sequence qu (/kv/), with the exception of loanwords, e.g., Coq au vin or Qigong (which is also written Chigong). The letter x (Ix, /ɪks/) occurs almost exclusively in ...
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.
The charts below show the way International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard German language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
In German orthography, the letter ß, called Eszett (IPA:, S-Z) or scharfes S (IPA: [ˌʃaʁfəs ˈʔɛs], "sharp S"), represents the /s/ phoneme in Standard German when following long vowels and diphthongs. The letter-name Eszett combines the names of the letters of s (Es) and z (Zett) in German.
For further information, see Pronunciation of v in German. w : The letter w represents the sound /v/. In the 17th century, the former sound became , but the spelling remained the same. An analogous sound change had happened in late-antique Latin. z : The letter z represents the sound /t͡s/.
In Unicode, however, the blackletter z ("tailed z", German geschwänztes Z) is considered a glyph variant of z , and not an ezh. Humanist Gian Giorgio Trissino proposed in 1524 a reform of Italian orthography introducing ezh as an uppercase ç for the [dz] sound.
The IPA letter z is not normally used for dental or postalveolar sibilants in narrow transcription unless modified by a diacritic ( z̪ and z̠ respectively). The IPA symbol for the alveolar non-sibilant fricative is derived by means of diacritics ; it can be ð̠ or ɹ̝ .
The grapheme Ž (minuscule: ž) is formed from Latin Z with the addition of caron (Czech: háček, Slovak: mäkčeň, Slovene: strešica, Serbo-Croatian: kvačica).It is used in various contexts, usually denoting the voiced postalveolar fricative, the sound of English g in mirage, s in vision, or Portuguese and French j.
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