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In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991. The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
Column level encryption is a type of database encryption method that allows user to select specific information or attributes to be encrypted instead of encrypting the entire database file. To understand why column level encryption is different from other encryption methods like file level encryption , disk encryption , and database encryption ...
Salting helps defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack. [2] [3] [4] It also helps protect passwords that occur multiple times in a database, as a new salt is used for each password instance. [5] Additionally, salting does not place any burden on ...
Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) is a form of encryption that allows one to efficiently search over a collection of encrypted documents or files without the ability to decrypt them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] SSE can be used to outsource files to an untrusted cloud storage server without ever revealing the files in the clear but while preserving ...
The MODX content management framework, as of version 2.0. The encryption and decryption schema of Zend Framework, to generate encryption and authentication keys. [16] Cisco IOS and IOS XE Type 4 password hashes [17] Firefox Sync for client-side password stretching [18]
Attribute-based encryption is a generalisation of public-key encryption which enables fine grained access control of encrypted data using authorisation policies.The secret key of a user and the ciphertext are dependent upon attributes (e.g. their email address, the country in which they live, or the kind of subscription they have).
If, however, the receiver wants to search for a specific record in the database, this becomes very difficult. There are some Public Key encryption schemes that allow keyword search, [1] [2] [3] however these schemes all require search time linear in the database size. If the database entries were encrypted with a deterministic scheme and sorted ...
For example, an application may want to encrypt 100-bit values with AES in a way that creates another 100-bit value. With this technique, AES-128-ECB encryption can be applied until it reaches a value which has all of its 28 highest bits set to 0, which will take an average of 2 28 iterations to happen.