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A gender quota is a quota used by countries and parties to increase women's representation or substantive equality based on gender in legislatures. [1] Women are largely underrepresented in parliaments and account for a 26.9% average in parliaments globally. [2] As of November 2021, gender quotas have been adopted in 132 countries. [3]
Quotaism [1] [2] [3] is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national ...
On average, gender parity scores for cardiovascular disease, suicide, certain cancers, and accidents fall below 1, meaning that these indicators are observed at greater rates among men. Global scores for stroke, lower respiratory infections, and breast cancer fall above 1, indicating that these are more often observed in women. [ 7 ]
The zipper system, also known as "vertical parity" or the "zebra system", [1] [2] is an electoral mechanism intended to enforce gender parity in countries using party-list proportional representation with closed lists.
Ticket quota, directives by police departments for their officers to deliver a predetermined number of summons; Disk quota, a limit that restricts disk file system usage in computing; Quota International, a service organization
The use of gender quotas as a mean of rectifying disproportionate gender representation on corporate boards has been controversial. Many studies have found gender quotas to be beneficial, including through its positive impact on the appointment of a female board chair and a female CEO. [ 74 ]
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British rule.Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens".
Women get one-third reservation in Gram Panchayats (meaning 'Village Council', which is a form of local rural government), Block Panchayats, District Councils and Municipal bodies. There is a long-term plan to extend this reservation to the Parliament and State Legislature.