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  2. Regular and irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_and_irregular_verbs

    The past tense and past participle are identical; they are formed with the ending -ed, which as in the previous case has three different pronunciations (/t/, /d/, /ɪd/). Certain spelling rules apply, including the doubling of consonants before the ending in forms like conned and preferred .

  3. -ing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ing

    This use of English -ing is thus cognate with the -ing suffix of Dutch, West Frisian, and the North Germanic languages, and with German-ung. The -ing of Modern English in its participial (adjectival) use comes from Middle English -inge, -ynge, supplanting the earlier -inde, -ende, -and, from the Old English present participle ending -ende.

  4. English verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_verbs

    The pronunciation of the past tense ending follows similar rules to those for the third person present tense ending described above: if the base form ends in /t/ or /d/ then a new syllable /ɪd/ or /əd/ is added (as in drifted, exceeded); if the base form ends in an unvoiced consonant sound other than /t/ then the ending is pronounced /t/ (as ...

  5. English irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_irregular_verbs

    (The regular ending -ed is also devoiced after voiceless consonants in regular verbs, as described under English verbs § Past tense, but this is not now shown in the spelling – for example, the -ed in blessed and whipped is pronounced as a t, and these words were formerly written blest and whipt.

  6. Old English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_grammar

    The grammar of Old English differs greatly from Modern English, predominantly being much more inflected.As a Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system similar to that of the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including constructions characteristic of the Germanic daughter languages such as ...

  7. Inflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection

    Inflection of the Scottish Gaelic lexeme for 'dog', which is cù for singular, chù for dual with the number dà ('two'), and coin for plural. In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation [1] in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and ...

  8. List of English irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_irregular...

    Regular in past tense and sometimes in past participle. must – (no other forms) Defective: Originally a preterite; see English modal verbs: need (needs/need) – needed – needed: Weak: Regular except in the use of need in place of needs in some contexts, by analogy with can, must, etc.; [4] see English modal verbs: ought – (no other forms ...

  9. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    An example is the past tense suffix- ed , which may be pronounced variously as /t/, /d/, or /ᵻd/ [a] (for example, pay / ˈ p eɪ /, payed / ˈ p eɪ d /, hate / ˈ h eɪ t /, hated / ˈ h eɪ t ɪ d /). As it happens, these different pronunciations of - ed can be predicted by a few phonological rules, but that is not the reason why its ...