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The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [a] An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wales served in the military at some point between 1639 and 1653, while around 4% of the total population died from war-related causes.
The First English Civil War started in 1642. By the end of the year neither side had succeeded in gaining an advantage, although the King's advance on London was the closest Royalist forces came to threatening the city.
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was executed on Tuesday, 30 January 1649 [b] outside the Banqueting House on Whitehall, London. The execution was the culmination of political and military conflicts between the royalists and the parliamentarians in England during the English Civil War , leading to the capture and trial of Charles.
The term Wars of the Three Kingdoms first appears in A Brief Chronicle of all the Chief Actions so fatally Falling out in the three Kingdoms by James Heath, published in 1662, [7] but historian Ian Gentles argues "there is no stable, agreed title for the events....which have been variously labelled the Great Rebellion, the Puritan Revolution, the English Civil War, the English Revolution and ...
At the beginning of the war, fifty thousand Englishmen inhabited some twenty colonies in the Americas.Most of the colonies were founded in the decade prior to the start of the English Civil War (1642–1651) with the oldest existing being the Colony of Virginia (1607) and its offshoot, Bermuda (1609).
21 March, Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold the last pitched battle of the First Civil War is a victory for the New Model Army 13 April, Siege of Exeter ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison. 5 May, Charles surrendered to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire
The Commonwealth of England was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, [1] were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.