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An antler on a red deer stag. Velvet covers a growing antler, providing blood flow that supplies oxygen and nutrients. Each antler grows from an attachment point on the skull called a pedicle. While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone. [6]
Velvet antler is the whole cartilaginous antler in a precalcified growth stage of the Cervidae family including the species of deer such as elk, moose, and caribou. Velvet antler is covered in a hairy, velvet-like "skin" known as velvet and its tines are rounded, because the antler has not calcified or finished developing.
Skeletal bone is usually smooth except for areas of attachment to muscles, tendons, and ligaments, while antler generally has raised bumps and protrusions across the surface. Similarly to bone, antler may be used in its natural form, polished with abrasives for a glossy surface, and treated with a burning process for a charred finish and color.
A wooden stile in Esha Ness, Shetland. A stile is a structure or opening that provides passage for humans – rather than animals such as livestock – over or through a boundary. Common forms include steps, ladders, or narrow gaps. [1] Stiles are often built in rural areas along footpaths, fences, walls, or hedges that enclose domestic animals ...
Comparison of a ha-ha (top) and a regular wall (bottom). Both walls prevent access, but one does not block the view looking outward. A ha-ha (French: hâ-hâ [a a] ⓘ or saut de loup [so dÉ™ lu] ⓘ), also known as a sunk fence, blind fence, ditch and fence, deer wall, or foss, is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier (particularly on one side) while preserving ...
Simple split-rail fence Log fence with double posts (photo taken in 1938). A split-rail fence, log fence, or buck-and-rail fence (also historically known as a Virginia, zigzag, worm, snake or snake-rail fence due to its meandering layout) is a type of fence constructed in the United States and Canada, and is made out of timber logs, usually split lengthwise into rails and typically used for ...
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Log fences or split-rail fences were simple fences constructed in newly cleared areas by stacking log rails. Earth could also be used as a fence; an example was what is now called the sunken fence , or "ha-ha," a type of wall built by digging a ditch with one steep side (which animals cannot scale) and one sloped side (where the animals roam).