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This article lists a number of common generic forms in place names in the British Isles, their meanings and some examples of their use. The study of place names is called toponymy ; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British and Irish place names, refer to Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland .
The term toponymy comes from Ancient Greek: τόπος / tópos, 'place', and ὄνομα / onoma, 'name'. The Oxford English Dictionary records toponymy (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876. [9] [10] Since then, toponym has come to replace the term place-name in professional discourse among geographers. [1]
A key to English place-names from the Institute for Name Studies, Nottingham; University of Wales Place-name Research Centre; Place-names and the Scots language: the marches of lexical and onomastic research; Domesday Book place-name forms—All the original spellings of English place-names in the Domesday Book (link to PDF file).
The English Place-Name Society (EPNS) is a learned society concerned with toponomastics and the toponymy of England, in other words, the study of place-names ().. Its scholars aim to explain the origin and history of the names they study, taking into account factors such as the meaning of the elements out of which they were created (whether from the principal endemic tongues Old English, early ...
This is a list of English language words derived from toponyms, followed by the place name it derives from. General. agate — after Achates, ...
Great Britain and Ireland have a very varied toponymy due to the different settlement patterns, political and linguistic histories. In addition to the old and modern varieties of English, Scottish and Irish Gaelic and Welsh, many other languages and cultures have influenced geographical names including Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Saxons, Romans and Vikings.
The following is a list of place names often used tautologically, plus the languages from which the non-English name elements have come. Tautological place names are systematically generated in languages such as English and Russian, where the type of the feature is systematically added to a name regardless of whether it contains it already.
Toponymy (or more precisely toponomastics), one of the principal branches of onomastics, is the study of place names. [8] Anthroponomastics is the study of personal names. [9] Literary onomastics is the branch that researches the names in works of literature and other fiction. [10]