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Hypodermic needles are normally made from a stainless-steel or Niobium tube [17] through a process known as tube drawing where the tube is drawn through progressively smaller dies to make the needle. The end of the needle is bevelled to create a sharp pointed tip, letting the needle easily penetrate the skin. [18] A hypodermic needle tip under ...
Fragment of a hypodermic needle stuck inside the arm of an IV drug user (x-ray). Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenously, but also at an intramuscular or subcutaneous, location).
Furthermore, recreational drug users who use injections to administer the drugs commonly share or reuse needles after an injection. This has led to the development of needle exchange programs and safe injection sites as a public health measure, which may provide new, sterile syringes and needles to discourage the reuse of syringes and needles.
The needles are generally manufactured with an outer protective plastic shell, which is used by a person to attach the needle to the pen, and an inner plastic shell protecting the needle itself. Instruction on how to properly attach and use needles is the responsibility of the doctor or pharmacist to ensure proper use.
The gauge of the needle used can range from 25 gauge to 27 gauge, while the length can vary between 1 ⁄ 2-inch to 5 ⁄ 8-inch for injections using a syringe and needle. [ 3 ] : 722 For subcutaneous injections delivered using devices such as injector pens , the needle used may be as thin as 34 gauge (commonly 30–32 gauge), and as short as 3 ...
The first hypodermic needle was first used by Dr. Alexander Wood and immediately efforts were made to improve the design. It was not until 1954, with the need for massive syringe distribution of Dr. Salk's polio vaccine, that the first disposable syringes were created. Initially, they were made of glass.
The ban was briefly lifted in 2009, reinstated in 2010, and partially lifted again in 2015. Currently, federal funds can still not be used for the purchase of needles and syringes or other injecting paraphernalia by needle exchange programs, though can be used for training and other program support in the case of a declared public health emergency.
Hypodermic needles are available in a wide variety of outer diameters described by gauge numbers. Smaller gauge numbers indicate larger outer diameters. [5] Inner diameter depends on both gauge and wall thickness. The following chart shows nominal inner diameter and wall thickness for regular-wall needles.