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The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", [1] although this is not its original meaning. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, [2] [3] then published in 1958: [4] [5] The Central Dogma.
In actuality they proved to be the opening gun in what became molecular genetics and all the developments that have followed from that." [ 3 ] The development of the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis is often considered the first significant result in what came to be called molecular biology . [ 4 ]
All of these processes form part of the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in a biological system. As in DNA , genetic information in mRNA is contained in the sequence of nucleotides , which are arranged into codons consisting of three ribonucleotides each.
The central dogma of molecular biology outlines the mechanism by which proteins are constructed using information contained in nucleic acids. DNA is transcribed into mRNA molecules, which travel to the ribosome where the mRNA is used as a template for the construction of the protein strand.
The extended central dogma of molecular biology includes all the processes involved in the flow of genetic information. Main article: Gene expression Gene expression is the molecular process by which a genotype encoded in DNA gives rise to an observable phenotype in the proteins of an organism's body.
Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions. The central dogma of molecular biology , where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein , despite being oversimplified, still provides a good starting ...
It was formulated by Francis Crick in 1955 in an informal publication of the RNA Tie Club, and later elaborated in 1957 along with the central dogma of molecular biology and the sequence hypothesis. It was formally published as an article "On protein synthesis" in 1958. The name "adaptor hypothesis" was given by Sydney Brenner.
3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Also three-prime untranslated region, 3' non-translated region (3'-NTR), and trailer sequence.. 3'-end. Also three-prime end.. One of two ends of a single linear strand of DNA or RNA, specifically the end at which the chain of nucleotides terminates at the third carbon atom in the furanose ring of deoxyribose or ribose (i.e. the terminus at which the 3' carbon ...