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The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which was used to launch some of America's most important space probes. [2] The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. [1]
In the 1990s the Russian government sold their majority stake in RSC Energia to private investors (although it has recently renationalized the Russian space sector in 2013–2014. [1]) These events for the first time allowed private organizations to purchase, develop and offer space launch services; beginning the period of private spaceflight ...
The Russian space agency, Roscosmos, had repeatedly received proposals from Moscow-based Khrunichev enterprise to develop a new-generation crewed spacecraft based on the TKS spacecraft that would be launched on the new Angara launch Vehicle. Citing the requirement to start work on a new crewed spacecraft, Russia decided to go forward with the ...
Sputnik 1. Sputnik (Спутник, Russian for "satellite" [1]) is a name for multiple spacecraft launched under the Soviet space program."Sputnik 1", "Sputnik 2" and "Sputnik 3" were the official Soviet names of those objects, and the remaining designations in the series ("Sputnik 4" and so on) were not official names but names applied in the West to objects whose original Soviet names may ...
Carrying the mannequin Ivan Ivanovich, a dog named Chernushka, some mice and the first guinea pig in space, it was a test flight of the Vostok spacecraft. [3] Korabl-Sputnik 4 was launched at 06:29:00 UTC on 9 March 1961, atop a Vostok-K carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. [1] It was successfully placed into low ...
Kosmos (Russian: Ко́смос, IPA:, [1] meaning "(outer) space" or "Kosmos") is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1 , the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
The construction of the Buran spacecraft began in 1980, and by 1984 the first full-scale orbiter was rolled out. Over 1,000 companies all over the Soviet Union were involved in construction and development. The Buran spacecraft was made to be launched on the Soviet Union's super-heavy lift vehicle, Energia. The Buran program ended in 1993. [5]
Soyuz (Russian: Союз, IPA:, lit. 'Union') is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).