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A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
Computer: A History of the Information Machine is a history of computing written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray first published in 1996. It follows the history of "information machines" from Charles Babbage 's difference engine through Herman Hollerith 's tabulating machines to the invention of the modern electronic digital computer.
It also praises both the quality of the physical book and the style of the writing as easy to read and understand. [6] Ryan Holihan, writing for Input, calls Code "excellent" and that "it is, by far, the most straightforward way of explaining the earth shattering power humans can wield when working with 1s and 0s", in a brief but positive ...
A programmer, computer programmer, or coder is a person who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst.
Because computer parts contain hazardous materials, there is a growing movement to recycle old and outdated parts. [66] Computer hardware contain dangerous chemicals such as lead, mercury, nickel, and cadmium. According to the EPA these e-wastes have a harmful effect on the environment unless they are disposed of properly.
A Brief History of Computing. Springer. ISBN 978-1-84800-083-4. Pugh, Emerson W. (1994). Building IBM: Shaping an Industry & its Technology. MIT Press. Rawlins, Gregory J. E. (1998). Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-68102-1. Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and ...
The Secret Guide to Computers is a book on computer hardware and software techniques by Russ Walter. [1] The book was written to be useful in both teaching and professional environments. [2] Its goal is to describe everything necessary to become a "computer expert," covering philosophies, technicalities, hardware, software, theory, and practice ...
Computer security is a branch of computer technology with the objective of protecting information from unauthorized access, disruption, or modification while maintaining the accessibility and usability of the system for its intended users. Historical cryptography is the art of writing and deciphering secret messages.