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Left-wing populism, also called social populism, is a political ideology that combines left-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric often includes elements of anti- elitism , opposition to the Establishment , and speaking for the " common people ". [ 1 ]
Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right populism, [1] [2] [3] is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti- elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establishment , and speaking to or for the common people .
In American political rhetoric, populist was originally associated with the Populist Party and related left-wing movements; beginning in the 1950s, it began to take on a more generic meaning, describing any anti-establishment movement regardless of its position on the left–right political spectrum. [17]
In recent history, a 2018 analysis by political scientists Yascha Mounk and Jordan Kyle links populism to democratic backsliding, showing that since 1990, five out of 13 elected right-wing populist governments and five out of 15 elected left-wing populist governments brought about significant democratic backsliding. [295]
Right-wing populism during this period focused on protectionist fiscal conservatism as well as cultural issues surrounding immigration and identity politics. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] [ 88 ] Trumpism incorporated an opposition to democratic norms, [ 89 ] [ 90 ] as well as an acceptance of political conspiracy theories as mainstream ideas.
The history of left-wing politics in the United States consists of a broad range of individuals and groups that have sought fundamental egalitarian changes. [1] Left-wing activists in the United States have been credited with advancing social change on issues such as labor and civil rights as well as providing critiques of capitalism.
George Wallace serves as a reminder that populist rhetoric can cloak policies that hurt the voters to whom it appeals.
Populism is regarded as having both left-wing and right-wing manifestations in the form of left-wing populism and right-wing populism, respectively. [50] Green politics is generally regarded as a movement of the left, although there are also green conservatives. Andrew Dobson suggests that green politics contains an inherent conservatism as it ...