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  2. Twaddell scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twaddell_scale

    On this scale, a specific gravity of 1.000 is reported as 0, and a specific gravity of 2.000 is reported as 200. [1] For example, concentrated sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.8 has a Twaddell scale measurement of 160, reflecting the linear relationship between readings and specific gravity.

  3. Hydrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometer

    It measures the density of the fluid. Where no sugar or other dissolved substances are present, the specific gravity of a solution of ethanol in water can be directly correlated to the concentration of alcohol. Saccharometers for measuring sugar-water mixtures measure densities greater than water.

  4. Baumé scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumé_scale

    Before standardization on specific gravity around the time of World War II the Baumé scale was generally used in industrial chemistry and pharmacology for the measurement of density of liquids. Today the Baumé scale is still used in various industries such as sugar beet processing , ophthalmics, starch industry, winemaking, industrial water ...

  5. List of measuring instruments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_measuring_instruments

    hydrometer: specific gravity of liquids (density of liquids) hygrometer: humidity inclinometer: angle of a slope inkometer: ink interferometer: wave interference infrared thermometer: heat radiated katharometer: composition of gases lactometer: specific gravity of milk light meter: light (in photography) linear position transducer: speed of ...

  6. Density meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_meter

    A density meter does not measure the specific gravity of a sample directly. However, the specific gravity can be inferred from a density meter. The specific gravity is defined as the density of a sample compared to the density of a reference. The reference density is typically of that of water. The specific gravity is found by the following ...

  7. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    The specific enthalpy of fusion (more commonly known as latent heat) of water is 333.55 kJ/kg at 0 °C: the same amount of energy is required to melt ice as to warm ice from −160 °C up to its melting point or to heat the same amount of water by about 80 °C. Of common substances, only that of ammonia is higher.

  8. Fahrenheit hydrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit_hydrometer

    The Fahrenheit hydrometer is a device used to measure the density of a liquid. It was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), better known for his work in thermometry . The Nicholson hydrometer , after William Nicholson (1753-1815), is similar in design, but instead of a weighted bulb at the bottom there is a small container ...

  9. Water (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(data_page)

    The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the work PΔV done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The sixth column is the density of the vapor.

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