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The essential difference between internal validity and external validity is that internal validity refers to the structure of a study (and its variables) while external validity refers to the universality of the results.
Internal validity focuses on establishing cause and effect, while external validity addresses generalizability. Internal validity refers to how well a study establishes a causal relationship between variables by minimizing confounding factors and bias.
Internal and external validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships. Internal validity refers to the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors or variables.
Internal validity is concerned with control of extraneous variable, whereas external validity stresses on the applicability of the outcome to the practical situations. Internal validity ascertains the strength of the research methods and design. Conversely, external validity examines the generality of the research outcomes to the real world.
When testing cause-and-effect relationships, validity can be split up into two types: internal validity and external validity. Internal validity refers to the degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors or variables.
Validity can be categorized into different types, including construct validity (measuring the intended abstract trait), internal validity (ensuring causal conclusions), and external validity (generalizability of results to broader contexts).
Internal validity, also known as cause-and-effect validity, refers to how well the independent variables in a study were identified and controlled for. In other words, results in research occur due to the manipulation of the independent variable—not due to other factors.