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The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...
The expectancy theory of motivation was established by Victor Vroom with the belief that motivation is based on the expectation of desired outcomes. [28] The theory is based on four concepts: valence, expectancy, instrumentality and force. [28] Valence is the attractiveness of potential rewards, outcomes, or incentives.
The theory states an individual's motivation for a task can be derived with the following formula (in its simplest form): = where , the desire for a particular outcome, or self-efficacy is the probability of success, is the reward associated with the outcome, is the individual’s sensitivity to delay and is the time to complete that task.
E (Expectancy) = Belief that effort will result in desired level of performance; I (Instrumentality) = Belief that desired level of performance will result in desired outcome; V (Valence) = Value of the outcome to the employee [4] Expectancy theory has been shown to have useful applications in designing a reward system. If policies are ...
Expectancy theory states that whether a person is motivated to perform a certain behavior depends on the expected results of this behavior: the more positive the expected results are, the higher the motivation to engage in that behavior.
A Theory of Achievement Motivation, By John William Atkinson and Norman T. Feather, Volume 6, Wiley, (1966), Krieger Pub Co (June 1, 1974), ISBN 0-88275-166-2 Motivation and Achievement , By John William Atkinson and Joel O. Raynor , Winston; [distributed by Halsted Press Division, New York] (1974) ISBN 0-470-03626-5 , ISBN 978-0-470-03626-6
Bonner grouped them into Knowledge and personal involvement, cognitive processes, task variables, and environmental variables, abilities, intrinsic motivation, and other personal variables. [3] [4] Elements that are part of an incentive system: Monetary Compensation (e.g. bonuses, awards, profit-sharing, and incentive plans) [5]
Expectancy theory is the theory which posits that we select our behaviour based on the desirability of expected outcomes of the action. It was most prominently used in a work context by Victor Vroom [ 23 ] who sought to establish the relationship between performance, motivation and ability and expressed it as a multiplicative one – where ...