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It is characterized by nodular thickening of the tunica muscularis of the narrow (isthmic) portion of the fallopian tube. In severe cases, it leads to complete obliteration of the tubal lumen. It is uncommonly bilateral. [2] Gross findings: One or more nodules 1–2 mm, spanning up to 2 cm
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus.. Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogens, combined with insufficient levels of the progesterone-like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen's proliferative effects on this tissue.
Adenomyosis is a medical condition characterized by the growth of cells that proliferate on the inside of the uterus (endometrium) atypically located among the cells of the uterine wall , [2] as a result, thickening of the uterus occurs. As well as being misplaced in patients with this condition, endometrial tissue is completely functional.
Intimal hyperplasia – The thickening of the tunica intima of a blood vessel as a complication of a reconstruction procedure or endarterectomy. Intimal hyperplasia is the universal response of a vessel to injury and is an important reason of late bypass graft failure, particularly in vein and synthetic vascular grafts. [22]
There are a number of indications for obtaining an endometrial biopsy from a non-pregnant woman: [citation needed]. Women with chronic anovulation such as the polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for endometrial problems and an endometrial biopsy may be useful to assess their lining specifically to rule out endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
Pelvic pain is a general term that may have many causes, listed below. The subcategorical term urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) is an umbrella term adopted for use in research into urologic pain syndromes associated with the male and female pelvis. [9]
An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
When the endometrial mucous membrane is found outside of the uterus in places such as the ovaries, it causes chronic pelvic pain with intercourse and menstrual cycles. Endometriomas can produce a toxic environment by producing estrogen, cytokines, interleukins, and other inflammatory substances, that could damage healthy endometriomal tissue.