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In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China. [1] Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, [2] [3] both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991.
During World War II: Convents, monasteries, and the Vatican are used to hide Jews and others targeted by the Nazis for extermination (see The Myth of Hitler's Pope). Maximilian Kolbe is martyred in Auschwitz concentration camp after volunteering to die in place of a stranger. The Nazis imprison and at times execute Catholic clergy, monks and ...
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
Plaque commemorating popes buried in St Peter's Basilica. This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term pope (Latin: Papa, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Catholic Church and of the Holy See.
A history of the popes, 1830–1914 (Oxford UP, 1998), scholarly online; Collins, Roger (2009). Keepers of the Keys: A History of the Papacy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01195-7. Coppa, Frank J. The Papacy in the Modern World: A Political History (2014) online review; Coppa, Frank J. ed. The great popes through history: an encyclopedia (2 vol ...
History of Vatican City: Primary Documents; Agreement Between the Italian Republic and the Holy See, 18 February 1984; Map of Vatican City; The Vatican as a Free Society by Carlo Lottieri; Walls of Rome; Wikimedia Atlas of Vatican City. World Heritage Site; Vatican City Live Webcam; Geographic data related to Outline of Vatican City at ...
Based on the "oral history of the zombie war" of the same name by Max Brooks, World War Z was a surprise hit at the box office when it debuted in 2013, making over $500 million worldwide.
"Prisoner in the Vatican" (1870–1929) Roman Question; Law of Guarantees; Lateran Treaty (1929) Vatican City (1929– present) Governorate of Vatican City State; 2010 Vatican employee sex scandal; History of the Catholic Church since 1962; History of the Papacy; Roman Historical Institutes; Savoyard Era; Vatileaks scandal; Vatican Historical ...