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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
When the valves of perforator veins become incompetent they can cause venous reflux when the muscles contract. This has been explained by Mark Whiteley as "active venous reflux". [4] The resulting reflux can cause a rapid deterioration in an existing varicose disease and be responsible for the development of venous ulcers.
The pulsating calf contractions compress deep veins and pump the venous blood against gravity towards the heart. We can highlight 3 principal hemodynamic effects: [1] [5] [6] removal of venous stasis; increase of venous outflow in terms of volume and velocity; inhibition of reflux in superficial and deep veins.
Venous reflux is a significant cause. Research has also shown the importance of pelvic vein reflux (PVR) in the development of varicose veins. Varicose veins in the legs could be due to ovarian vein reflux. [19] [20] Both ovarian and internal iliac vein reflux causes leg varicose veins.
EVLT has the same meaning as ELT, but it is a trademark name owned by Diomed and used as the name for their 910 nm laser treatment unit for ELT. [citation needed] The 810 nm laser is the original laser fiber wavelength as pioneered by Dr. Luis Navarro, Dr. Carlos Bone and Dr. Robert Min, at the Vein Treatment Center in New York, New York.
For instance, venous ulceration may be treated with Unna's boots, superficial venous reflux with radiofrequency, laser ablation or vein stripping if indicated. When indicated, insufficiency in the deep veins may be treated with reconstruction of the venous valves with internal or external valvuloplasty. [23]
Phlebetic lymphedema (or phlebolymphedema) is seen in untreated chronic venous insufficiency and is the most common type of edema (approx. 90%). [14] It is a combination venous/lymphatic disorder that originates in defective "leaky" veins that allows the blood to back flow (venous reflux), slowing the return of the blood to the heart (venous ...
The EVRA (Early Venous Reflux Ablation) ulcer trial, a randomised clinical trial funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) to compare early versus delayed endovenous treatment of superficial venous reflux in patients with chronic venous ulceration, opened for recruitment in October 2013. The study hopes to show an ...