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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Pelvic congestion syndrome, also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long-term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. [1] [7] The condition may cause chronic pain, such as a constant dull ache, which can be worsened by standing or sex. [1]
Venous reflux is a significant cause. Research has also shown the importance of pelvic vein reflux (PVR) in the development of varicose veins. Varicose veins in the legs could be due to ovarian vein reflux. [19] [20] Both ovarian and internal iliac vein reflux causes leg varicose veins.
“The most common cause of reflux is a weakening of this valve. But it can also happen when people are overweight. ... “You might think to look to the lungs for treatment, but the symptoms can ...
This is reported to cause collateral flow paths to open up to drain the left kidney i.e. reversed flow (reflux caudally) in the left renal vein. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, vaginal and vulval varices, lower limb varices are clinical sequelae. Virtually all such patient are female and have been pregnant, often multiply. [citation needed]
It is a combination venous/lymphatic disorder that originates in defective "leaky" veins that allows the blood to back flow (venous reflux), slowing the return of the blood to the heart (venous stasis). The venous pressure in the legs changes dramatically while standing compared to lying down.
As such, it is essential to both find and treat underlying venous reflux before considering any treatment at all. Sclerotherapy is the "gold standard" and is preferred over laser for eliminating telangiectasiae and smaller varicose leg veins. [15] A sclerosant medication is injected into the diseased vein so it hardens and eventually shrinks away.
When the valves of perforator veins become incompetent they can cause venous reflux when the muscles contract. This has been explained by Mark Whiteley as "active venous reflux". [4] The resulting reflux can cause a rapid deterioration in an existing varicose disease and be responsible for the development of venous ulcers.